A new research paper has detailed the successful translation of a fragmentary Sanskrit manuscript found in an Ujjain library. The text, identified as a supplement to the Brihat Samhita by the legendary astronomer Varahamihira, outlines advanced methods for 'Solar Projection' using copper-plated apertures to create precision calendars within temple walls.
The study reveals that 6th-century Indian scientists had developed a system of geometric optics to track the solstices and equinoxes by observing the refraction of light through specifically shaped stone vents. This explains the extreme solar precision found in later temples like Konark and Modhera, proving a long-standing tradition of optical engineering in ancient India.