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Rare 2nd-Century BCE 'Indo-Greek' Bronze Astronomical Sphere with Zodiacal Inscriptions Uncovered in Pakistan's Swat Valley

📅 April 6, 2026 📰 Journal of Hellenistic Studies
Rare 2nd-Century BCE 'Indo-Greek' Bronze Astronomical Sphere with Zodiacal Inscriptions Uncovered in Pakistan's Swat Valley

A remarkable 2nd-century BCE bronze astronomical sphere has been recovered from a collapsed domestic structure in the Swat Valley, Pakistan. The artifact, belonging to the Indo-Greek Kingdom, features intricate engravings of the zodiac, planetary positions, and coordinate lines with bilingual Greek and Kharosthi inscriptions.

This 'Swat Sphere' is considered a significant precursor to complex mechanical devices like the Antikythera mechanism, demonstrating the high level of scientific and mathematical exchange between Mediterranean and South Asian cultures. It likely served as a portable navigational aid or a teaching tool for royal astronomers in the court of Menander I.

Original source: Journal of Hellenistic Studies