Researchers at the University of Oxford have announced the discovery of a rare 13th-century Sanskrit manuscript in the Kathmandu Valley that outlines advanced experimental methods for synthesizing plant-based pigments. The text, titled Varna-Sthirata-Vidhi, describes early chemical processes used to ensure the longevity and color-fastness of pigments used in temple murals and sacred scrolls.
The manuscript detailing photochemical stability protocols suggests that medieval Indian and Nepali artists used a sophisticated understanding of organic chemistry to create resilient dyes. By analyzing the residue mentioned in the text, scientists have confirmed the use of rare resinous binders and catalytic mineral additives that allowed these ancient colors to resist degradation from UV exposure for centuries.