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The 'Steatite and Carnelian' Seaway: Researchers Identify 5,000-Year-Old Luxury Trade Link Between Ancient Indus Valley and Oman Peninsula

📅 April 9, 2026 📰 Archaeology Magazine
The 'Steatite and Carnelian' Seaway: Researchers Identify 5,000-Year-Old Luxury Trade Link Between Ancient Indus Valley and Oman Peninsula

A team of maritime archaeologists has uncovered definitive evidence of the 'Steatite and Carnelian' Seaway, a major trade route that connected the Harappan civilization to the Bronze Age settlements of the Oman Peninsula. Chemical analysis of carnelian beads found at the site of Ras al-Jinz confirmed they were sourced from the Gujarat region, while etched steatite seals found in Oman show distinct Indus Valley iconography, including unicorn and bull motifs.

This discovery suggests a much more organized and frequent maritime exchange than previously thought, involving large-scale shipments of semi-precious stones and luxury textiles across the Arabian Sea. The research highlights the role of the Magan civilization as a critical intermediary in a prehistoric global economy that bridged the gap between Mesopotamia and the Indus Basin.

Original source: Archaeology Magazine