A team of digitizers at the Kashmir Research Institute has uncovered a 10th-century Sharda script manuscript titled the Chetana-Vimarsha-Naya. The text belongs to the Pratyabhijna school of Kashmiri Shaivism but introduces a previously unknown formal logical system for analyzing the 'witnessing consciousness.'
The manuscript provides a rigorous breakdown of Vimarsha (self-reflexive awareness), positing that the act of perception is inherently a dialogue between the observer and the observed. This find is significant for its early attempts to create a mathematical-like notation for mental states, predating many of the formal developments of late Navya-Nyaya logic and offering a unique insight into the cognitive science of ancient Kashmir.